Untitled
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No no no…Jab jab then left hook
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(via mandalynnbee)
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(via mandalynnbee)
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Start With Coffee
Retro-style typographic coffee quote by NeueGraphic
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Color Blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions. 5 to 8% of the men and 0.5% of the women of the world are born colorblind.
Inside our eyes, there are 3 different types of cone cells which are sensitive to one of three wavelengths of light: red (long), green (middle), and blue (short). Color blindness occurs when one or more of someone’s cones are either missing or absorbing light abnormally.
Based on clinical appearance, color blindness may be described as total or partial. Total color blindness is much less common than partial color blindness.
There are two major types of color blindness: those who have difficulty distinguishing between red and green, and who have difficulty distinguishing between blue and yellow.
Types of color vision deficiency
- Monochromatism: Either no cones available or just one type of them.
- Dichromatism: Only two different cone types, the third one is missing completely.
- Anomalous trichromatism: All three types but with shifted peaks of sensitivity for one of them. This results in a smaller color spectrum.
Dichromats and anomalous trichromats exist in 3 different types according to the missing or malfunctioning cone:
- Tritanopia/Tritanomaly: Missing/malfunctioning S-cone (blue)
- Deuteranopia/Deuteranomaly: Missing/malfunctioning M-cone (green)
- Protanopia/Protanomaly: Missing/malfunctioning L-cone (red)
Further Reading, Videos, Sources -
What’s the Deal With Dodos?
they are not as dumb as you might of thought
If there’s an animal that died during the holocene that people seemed to remember that animal would have to be the
mammothDodo. Unsurprisingly alot of people know almost nothing about the famous flightless bird. But don’t fret after reading this post you will know more than you ever needed to know about the Dodo. To start it off the Dodo (Raphus cucullatus) was a species of flightless pigeon that found its way to the isle of Mauritius. They were fairly large birds with adults reportedly growing up to 3 feet tall and weighing around 40 pounds. Like several other flightless island birds they evolved on an island with no mammalian predators, so eventually their pigeon ancestors lost their wings and instead grew powerful legs and bills. Meaning that dodos spent all of their time on the ground where they feed on fruit and seeds using their powerful bills. Not too much is known about their behavior as they were never studied in detail. Unfortunately we all know how this story ends, in the 17th century Dutch sailors landed on Mauritius and a combination of introduced predators which fed on the dodo’s eggs and overharvesting of dodos for meat led the species to its fate in 1662. The dodo’s story does not end here though as it had several species related to it. The most closely related bird was the Rodrigues Solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria) which was another species of large flightless pigeon that was native to the island of Rodrigues but unfortunately they shared the same fate as the dodo and went extinct in 1778. Don’t worry though the dodo does have some relatives that are still alive. The dodo and solitaire were both members of the subfamily Raphinae which is an offshoot of the family Columbidae which houses most common doves/pigeon like the Rock Dove (Columbia livia). Since we placed the dodo in columbidae we can tell through the use of molecular data what species were most closely related to the dodo. Results from such an analysis show that the closest living relative of the dodo was The Nicobar Pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica). The Nicobar Pigeon is then followed by the Victoria Crowned Pigeon (Goura victoria) and the mysterious Tooth-billed Pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris). However this only means they were related and does not imply a close relationship. Well hopefully that answers any questions you might of had about the dodo, and I hope you all are dodo experts now.
Cladogram of Raphiniae and closest related species
*This post is pretty long so this should summarize it up pretty good
*Also i highly recommend a reading of Lost Land of the Dodo for further information on Mauritius’s numerous extinct animals.
Image Source
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Temporary tattoos could make electronic telepathy and telekinesis possible
Temporary electronic tattoos could soon help people fly drones with only thought and talk seemingly telepathically without speech over smartphones, researchers say. Electrical engineer Todd Coleman at the University of California at San Diego is devising noninvasive means of controlling machines via the mind, techniques virtually everyone might be able to use.
Full Story: Io9
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Long Prison Terms Eyed as Contributing to Poverty - NYTimes.com The shift to tougher penal policies three decades ago was originally credited with helping people in poor neighborhoods by reducing crime. But now that America’s incarceration rate has risen to be the world’s highest, many social scientists find the social benefits to be far outweighed by the costs to those communities.
“Prison has become the new poverty trap,” said Bruce Western, a Harvard sociologist. “It has become a routine event for poor African-American men and their families, creating an enduring disadvantage at the very bottom of American society.”
Among African-Americans who have grown up during the era of mass incarceration, one in four has had a parent locked up at some point during childhood. For black men in their 20s and early 30s without a high school diploma, the incarceration rate is so high — nearly 40 percent nationwide — that they’re more likely to be behind bars than to have a job.
No one denies that some people belong in prison. Mr. Harris, now 47, and his wife, 45, agree that in his early 20s he deserved to be there. But they don’t see what good was accomplished by keeping him there for two decades, and neither do most of the researchers who have been analyzing the prison boom.
The number of Americans in state and federal prisons hasquintupled since 1980, and a major reason is that prisoners serve longer terms than before. They remain inmates into middle age and old age, well beyond the peak age for crime, which is in the late teenage years — just when Mr. Harris first got into trouble.
